Mitral Regurgitation: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Structural Infectious
Papillary Ischemic heart Mitral valve CT disorders muscle rupture disease prolapse
Rheumatic Infective heart disease endocarditis
Functional CAD Myocarditis
LV dilation
Dilation of the MV annulus
Myocardial Infarction
Tethering of chordae tendineae
Abbreviations: • CAD — coronary artery disease • CO — cardiac output • CT — connective tissue • LA— left atrium • LV— left ventricle • RAAS — renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system • SV— stroke volume
creatinine
SV ejected into aorta • 1, CO 4, BP
4, organ perfusion
Activation of RAAS reabsorption of water by kidneys
•
Peripheral edema
Mitral Regurgitation
•
Holosystorc murmur, radiates to axilla, t with afterload (e.g. make a fist)
1` volume S3 1— returns to LV
LV systolic function
Dilated LV, preserved systolic function
/1` volume and pressure in LA
Displaced apex
1` pressure in pulmonary veins and capillaries
Congestive heart failure
4.02 sats, tachypnea, wheeze, t work of breathing, crackles, frothy sputum (if severe)
Note: Severity of signs and symptoms at presentation may vary depending on the acuity and severity of the regurgitation.
Authors: Victoria Nkunu Reviewers: Jack Fu Usama Malik Sina Marzoughi Dr. Jason Waechter* * MD at time of publication