Innate-Immune-Response

Innate Immune Response

Innate immune response: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Authors: Erin Stephenson Reviewers: Jessica Tjong Crystal Liu Nicola Wright* * MD at time of publication
Pathogens overcome chemical barriers (e.g., lysozyme, low pH)
Pathogens overcome physical barriers (e.g., epithelium, cilia)
Trauma
Damage-associated molecular patterns
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
Examples of tissue-resident macrophages: • Alveolar macrophages – Lung
• Histiocytes – Connective tissue
• Kupffer cells – Liver
Recognition by pattern recognition receptors (e.g., toll-like receptors)
• Mesangial cells – Kidney • Microglial cells – Brain
• Osteoclasts – Bone
Microbe engulfed and exposed to oxidative burst
Microbes destroyed
Pus
Pro-inflammatory chemokines
Recruitment of circulating
granulocytes and monocytes
Pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6)
Tissue-resident macrophage activation
Antimicrobial proteins
Unresolved infection/ inflammation
Antigen presented to T cells
Recruitment of adaptive immune response
Enhanced immune responses
Acute phase protein production by liver (i.e., C- reactive protein)
Prostaglandin production in the hypothalamus
Fever
Endothelial tight junctions on vasculature disrupted
Intravascular fluid leak into extravascular space
Edema
Legend:
Pathophysiology
Mechanism
Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding
Complications
Published January 19, 2020 on www.thecalgaryguide.com