SEARCH RESULTS FOR: vomiting-pathogenesis

vomiting-pathogenesis

Vomiting: Pathogenesis Authors: Julena Foglia Reviewers: Varun Suresh Matthew Harding Haotian Wang *Yan Yu *Eldon Shaffer *MD at time of publication Intracranial: Trauma, Infection, Tumor, Stroke ↑ Intracranial pressure Mechanism Unknown Irritation of GI mucosa: Inflammation, Distention, Chemotherapy, Radiation Activates receptors in gut mucosa GI Disease: Upper: GERD, PUD, Cancer Lower: Ischemia, obstruction, IBD Mechanical pharyngeal stimulation Signal travels via vagal and sympathetic afferent nerves Metabolic: Pregnancy, Diabetes, Uremia, Thyroid disease, Hypercalcemia Pain, Smells, Foul Sights, Memories Sensory inputs to cortical region Cerebral Cortex Vomiting (Emetic) Center Toxins circulating in bloodstream: Chemotherapy, Opioids Offending substance travels through circulation and binds to receptors in the CTZ, outside the blood brain barrier Abbreviations: GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease PUD: Peptic Ulcer Disease IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease CTZ: Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone CNX: Cranial Nerve Ten H1: Histamine Receptor M1: Muscarinic Receptor Disrupted inner ear balance: Motion Sickness Activation of H1 & M1 receptors in vestibular center traveling via Cerebellum Stimulates Solitary Tract Nucleus (Medulla) (Medulla) Vagus Nerve (CNX) and enteric nervous system activation, resulting in: Gastric relaxation, ↓ pylorus tone, retrograde duodenal peristalsis Downward diaphragm contraction, abdominal & chest wall muscles contract: ↑ intra-gastric pressure Vomiting (Forceful expulsion of material from stomach and intestines) Upper and lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and glottis closure Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Re-published February 16, 2020 on www.thecalgaryguide.com