SEARCH RESULTS FOR: virchows-triad-and-deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt

virchows-triad-and-deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt

Suspected Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Authors: Dean Percy Yan Yu Reviewers: Tristan Jones Ryan Brenneis Man-Chiu Poon* Maitreyi Raman* * MD at time of publication Pregnancy, Oral Contraceptives (OCP) Pathogenesis and Complications Platelet Activation Increased clot formation Hypercoagulable State ↑ ability for the blood to coagulate upon stimulation Inherited Disorders Congenital defect in coagulation (ie. Factor V Leiden, Factor II mutation, Protein S/C deficiency) ↑ blood clotting ability Estrogen promotes hypercoagulability, especially in presence of other risk factors Notes: • Venous thrombus causes pulmonary embolism, arterial thrombus causes stroke • Previous DVT is risk factor for current DVT Trauma/Surgery Malignancy Abnormal release of coagulation-promoting cytokines Systemic injuryà activation of coagulation cascade Hypertension Bacteria Artificial Valve Physically damages blood vessel walls Adhere/invade vessel wall Abnormal surface Vessel Injury Exposes tissue factor on damaged cells and subendothelium for vWF binding Virchow’s Triad Venous Stasis Low blood flow rate over site of vessel injury, concentrating blood clotting factors at that site Fat contains more aromatase, converts more androgens to estrogen Sedentary lifestyle, poor venous return Obesity Clot formation typically occurs in leg veins Deep, large veins allow for blood pooling (stasis, hypercoagulability) Venous return from legs often against gravity (stasis) Valves in leg veins prone to backflow (stasis) ↓ muscle motion = ↓ venous blood flow Fracture, immobilization, bedrest, long vehicle/airplane ride Destruction of vein valve by clot Venous Insufficiency Clot prevents blood from returning to heart. Blood accumulating in the leg results in unilateral leg edema and venous inflammation (redness, warmth, tenderness) 1. 2. 3. Clot embolizes to the lungs Thromboembolus -*Pulmonary embolism (acute life threatening complication) -Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Re-Published September 1, 2019 on thecalgaryguide.com