SEARCH RESULTS FOR: Viral-Hepatitis

Viral-Hepatitis

Viral Hepatitis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Infection with a virus that targets the Authors: Sean Spence Tyler Anker Yan Yu Reviewers: Dean Percy Crystal Liu Sam Lee* * MD at time of publication liver, e.g. HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV Hepatocytes are invaded & damaged Foreign particles and tissue damage activate immune systemàliver inflammation Lysis (bursting) of hepatocytes Infection with chronic viruses (HBV and HCV) persist over time and additional symptoms may develop RUQ pain/tenderness If infection is prolonged or severe, inflammation becomes systemic Release of hepatocyte’s cellular contents into the bloodstream Infection with acute viruses (HAV and HEV) resolve over time, and the symptoms above normalize Notes: • HDV can only infect people with concomitant HBV infection • HAV and HBV vaccines are the only ones that currently exist • Not all patients with viral hepatitis will develop each of these symptoms. The presentations vary. Fever, nausea, vomiting ↑ serum ALT, AST ↓ Hepatic metabolic activity (e.g. reduction of gluconeogenesis) ↓Serum Glucose ↓ Synthesis of plasma proteins (albumin, clotting factors, etc) ↓ Albumin, ↑ INR Abbreviations: • HAV - Hepatitis A Virus • HBV - Hepatitis B Virus • HCV - Hepatitis C Virus • HEV - Hepatitis E Virus • RUQ - Right Upper Quadrant • ALT - Alanine Aminotransferase • AST - Aspartate Aminotransferase • INR - International Normalized Ratio ↓ Bilirubin clearance from blood, bilirubin ends up under the skin Jaundice Portal Hypertension Encephalopathy, Splenomegaly, Esophageal Varices, Ascites, Caput Medusae, Edema Encephalopathy, Muscle Wasting, Metabolic Bone Disease, Terry’s Nails, Ascites, Bruising, Clubbing, Edema Spider Nevi, Altered Hair Patterns, Testicular Atrophy, Gynecomastia, Palmar Erythema Progressive deterioration in liver function, possibly ending up in cirrhosis. (See slide on “Cirrhosis: pathogenesis and complications” for more details on mechanisms and full explanations.) Hepatic Insufficiency Hyperestrogenism Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Re-Published January 12, 2020 on www.thecalgaryguide.com

Virale Hepatitis Pathogenese und klinische Befunde

Virale Hepatitis: Pathogenese und klinische Befunde