SEARCH RESULTS FOR: Thyroid-Eye-Disease

Thyroid Eye Disease

Thyroid Eye Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Author: Liam Connors Reviewers: Lucy Yang, Mao Ding Julia Gospodinov Luiza Radu Samuel Fineblit* * MD at time of publication
  Environmental factors
(smoking & stress, etc. mechanism unknown)
Thyroid eye disease
Genetic factors (mechanism unknown)
  An autoimmune condition wherein antibodies that target the thyroid & the periorbital tissues induce tissue swelling around the eye
Auto-antibody production
  Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1, regulates cell growth) & thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor activation in CD34+ fibrocytes & orbital fibroblasts (cells part of the formation of connective tissue)
 Chemokine production (cells part of the inflammatory response) ↑ Immune response in the tissue around the eye (orbit) Fibrosis (overgrowth/scarring) & swelling of orbital tissues
        Eyelid retraction & lid lag on downward gaze
↑ Ocular surface exposure
Corneal trauma, dryness, & microbe exposure
Exposure keratopathy (corneal damage from ↑ exposure to air)
Mechanical force causes eye misalignment
Restrictive strabismus (both eyes do not line up in the same direction)
Double vision
Burning/foreign body sensation & epiphora (excess tears)
Exophthalmos (bulging of one or both eyes)
Mechanical strain on optic nerve
     Compressive optic neuropathy (damage to the optic nerve)
Vision loss
Afferent pupillary defect (altered pupil dilation)
         Legend:
 Pathophysiology
Mechanism
Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding
 Complications
 Published Oct 5, 2024 on www.thecalgaryguide.com