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Overview of burns

Overview of Burns: Pathogenesis and Types Authors: Haley Shade, Amanda Eslinger* Reviewers: Christy Chong, Parker Lieb, Sunawer Aujla, Alexander Arnold*, Yan Yu*,Duncan Nickerson*, Donald McPhalen* Illustrator: Devjyoti Dutta* * MD at time of publication Contact Electrical Chemical Radiation (excluding sunburn) Less common Burns from any source can result in 3 damage zones Common Fire Scald Zone of coagulation: innermost zone; maximum damage through necrosis and irreversible tissue loss Zone of stasis: middle zone; decreased tissue perfusion, potentially salvageable Zone of hyperemia: outermost zone; tissue perfusion is increased, damage is reversible Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue Full Thickness (3rd degree burn) Normal Skin Epidermis only Superficial Thickness (1st degree burn) Epidermis and superficial (papillary) dermis Superficial Partial Thickness (2nd degree burn) Epidermis and deep (reticular) dermis Deep Partial Thickness (2nd degree burn) Skin and deep tissues, muscle, fascia, nerves, blood vessels, bone Composite tissue injury (4th degree burn) Compartment syndrome Epidermal layer Dermal-Epidermal Junction Superficial (Papillary) Dermis Deep (Reticular) Dermis Note: The total burn surface area (TBSA) can be estimated using the rule of nines (1st degree burns are not included): Head and Neck: 9% total, Chest and Upper Back: 9% each, Arm: 9% each, Leg: 18% each (front and back), Abdomen and Lower Back: 9% each, Genital Area: 1% Refer to Complications of Burns Burn Shock Refer to Burn Shock: Pathogenesis, Complications, and Clinical Findings Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Published November 8, 2023 on www.thecalgaryguide.com