SEARCH RESULTS FOR: Low-Ankle-Sprain

Low Ankle Sprain

Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings Authors: Parker Lieb, Joseph Kendal Illustrator: Erica Lindquist Reviewers: Liam Thompson, Tara Shannon, Sunawer Aujla, Stephanie de Waal, Amanda Eslinger, Dave Nicholl, Maninder Longowal Gerhard Kiefer* *MD at time of publication Ankle eversion beyond normal range (less common) Excessive stress to medial ankle deltoid ligament Ankle plantar flexion and inversion beyond normal range (most common) Excessive stress to lateral ankle ligament(s) Associated fracture of malleolus or subtalar joint Bone pain, inability to weight bear Recruitment of inflammatory cells to damaged area ↑ Local pro- inflammatory cytokines ↑ Capillary permeability & vasodilation to damaged area Collagen fibers in ligament(s) rupture Low Ankle Sprain (medial or lateral) Local blood vessels tear Blood leaks into surrounding tissue Grade I Mild injury Grade II Moderate injury Grade III Severe injury Minimal ligament disruption Incomplete ligament tear Complete ligament tear No joint laxity Joint laxity Gross joint laxity Mechanical and functional instability Decreased ankle joint space Ankle Impingement (compression of soft and/or bony structures in joint) Chronic ankle instability Talus subluxation with anterior force on heel + Anterior drawer test Recurrent sprains Synovial inflammation & hypertrophy Remodeling of collagen and bone Degenerative changes (e.g., osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis) Damage to mechanoreceptors in muscles surrounding ankle joint Bruising Swelling Focal tenderness over torn ligament(s) Pain on injury and with weight bearing Impaired proprioception & neuromuscular control Nociceptors activated by trauma and inflammatory factors Falls Antalgic gait Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Published Nov 9, 2014; updated Aug 15, 2023 on www.thecalgaryguide.com