SEARCH RESULTS FOR: Innate-Immune-Response

Innate-Immune-Response

Innate immune response: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Authors: Erin Stephenson Reviewers: Jessica Tjong Crystal Liu Nicola Wright* * MD at time of publication Pathogens overcome chemical barriers (e.g., lysozyme, low pH) Pathogens overcome physical barriers (e.g., epithelium, cilia) Trauma Damage-associated molecular patterns Pathogen-associated molecular patterns Examples of tissue-resident macrophages: • Alveolar macrophages – Lung • Histiocytes – Connective tissue • Kupffer cells – Liver Recognition by pattern recognition receptors (e.g., toll-like receptors) • Mesangial cells – Kidney • Microglial cells – Brain • Osteoclasts – Bone Microbe engulfed and exposed to oxidative burst Microbes destroyed Pus Pro-inflammatory chemokines Recruitment of circulating granulocytes and monocytes Pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6) Tissue-resident macrophage activation Antimicrobial proteins Unresolved infection/ inflammation Antigen presented to T cells Recruitment of adaptive immune response Enhanced immune responses Acute phase protein production by liver (i.e., C- reactive protein) Prostaglandin production in the hypothalamus Fever Endothelial tight junctions on vasculature disrupted Intravascular fluid leak into extravascular space Edema Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Published January 19, 2020 on www.thecalgaryguide.com