SEARCH RESULTS FOR: Epilepsy-Pathogenesis

Epilepsy Pathogenesis

Epilepsy: Pathogenesis Genetic susceptibility Angelman syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis Chromosomal abnormalities cause abnormal neural patterns Neural Cerebral palsy, focal cortical dysplasia Malformation of cortical development Cerebrovascular Intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke Other Acquired Head trauma, cerebral infection (i.e., HSV1, VZV, cysticercosis) Neoplasm Metabolic Inborn errors of metabolism Inherited enzyme deficiencies Neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s Disease Protein-rich plaque build-up and brain atrophy Inflammation and formation of scar tissue irritates neural tissue Infiltration of mass, grey matter irritation Damage to the brain and subsequent alteration of neuronal circuitry Neurotransmitter imbalances (i.e. ↑ glutamate, ↓ GABA, ↓ serotonin, ↓ dopamine, ↓ noradrenaline) Abbreviations: • HSV1 – Herpes Simplex Virus 1 • VZV – Varicella Zoster Virus ↑ Inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) Altered neurogenesis and gliosis Ion channel and receptor dysfunction causes imbalance of ion channel charges Authors: Keerthana Pasumarthi Christopher Li Reviewers: Negar Tehrani, Ephrem Zewdie, Ran (Marissa) Zhang, Carlos R. Camara-Lemarroy* * MD at time of publication Neurons fire in burst activity (referred to as paroxysmal depolarization shift) and often in groups (hypersynchrony) Abnormal neural activities eventually create self-reinforcing circuits and transform neural network over time Injuries from falls, bumps, operating heavy machinery Involuntary contractions Loss of consciousness Post-ictal confusion Recurrent seizures Sudden Unexplained Death of Epilepsy Patient (SUDEP) Loss of airway reflexes Aspiration of saliva or food contents Aspiration Pneumonia Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Published July 5, 2022 on www.thecalgaryguide.com

Epilepsi: Patogenesis

Epilepsi: Patogenesis