SEARCH RESULTS FOR: Bronchiectasis-Pathogenesis-and-clinical-findings

Bronchiectasis Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Bronchiectasis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Acquired immunodeficiency Lymphoma, HIV, transplant Autoimmune Lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis Congenital/Genetic Cystic fibrosis, A1AT deficiency, Marfan, immunoglobulin deficiency, Kartagener syndrome, Young syndrome Endobronchial obstruction Neoplasm, foreign body, lymph node compression Other Inhalation exposure (smoke, ammonia), MAC complex infection, COPD, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic infections Irreversibly dilated bronchi Chronic bronchial infection and inflammation 1 Easily collapsible airways I Bronchiectasis (persistent and progressive damage to lungs) Chronic cough (mucopurulent) Defect in immunity and/or mucus clearance Persistent bacteria in airway (commonly Pseudomonas/Staph aureus) Inflammatory response Rhinosinusitis Abbreviations: • A1AT — Alpha-1-antitrypsin • COPD — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • HIV — Human Immunodeficiency Virus • MAC — Membrane Attack Complex • VQ— Ventilation/Perfusion ratio Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Fever Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Failure to thrive (children) Authors: Rebecca (Becky) Phillips Reviewers: Midas (Kening) Kang Usama Malik Eric Leung* * MD at time of publication Notes: • Can be focal (single lobe/segment) or diffuse (both lungs) • Mainly in elderly • 1% prevalence in children Tissue damage Epithelial destruction of airways Further impairment of bacterial clearance Persistent inspiratory adventitious sounds (crackles > wheezing) Complications Structural damage to bronchial walls Obstructive pulmonary function tests Hemoptysis Chest pain VQ mismatch and 4, gas exchange 4, oxygenation Digital clubbing (rare) Fatigue Dyspnea Cyanosis (uncommon)