SEARCH RESULTS FOR: Ankle-Fracture

Ankle Fracture

Ankle fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings High mechanical force to ankle Risk factors Age Post-menopause ↓ Osteoblast activity Twisting force (e.g. sports injury) Crushing force (e.g. limb Loading force entrapment beneath heavy object) (e.g. fall) Force exceeds mechanical strength of bone Ankle eversion or inversion Osteoporosis Compromised bone scaffolding & repair impairs the structural integrity of bone. Force required for fracture is lowered Ankle Fracture (Fracture of the talus and/or the distal 6 cm of the tibia and/or fibula) Fractured bone is displaced through the dermal layers Open Fracture Compromised dermal layers create an opportunity for pathogens to enter the wound site Infection Multiple malleoli are fractured within the ring of the ankle Lack of ligamentous & bone support makes ankle joint unstable Displacement of bone from fracture site Misalignment of bone segments prevents regeneration & union Malunion of unreduced fracture Ligamentous injury occurs concurrently from excessive tensile force Fractured bone disrupts surrounding vasculature Hyaline cartilage of the articulating surface is damaged Trauma induces synovitis, chondrocyte apoptosis, & necrosis Fractured bone disrupts surrounding peripheral nerves Numbness Localized Pain Pain is induced when the patient attempts to weight bear Inability to weight bear Authors: Ethan Smith Reviewers: Nojan Mannani Michelle J. Chen Dr. Gerhard Kiefer* * MD at time of publication Platelets are exposed to the extravascular environment, thereby releasing platelet derived factors & complement factors Plasma coagulation cascade is activated Chondrocyte dysfunction in proliferation Reduced synovial functioning ↑Vascular permeability from inflammatory cytokines Protective hematoma forms in the joint space Hyaline cartilage loss Lost cartilage over time degrades proper articulation & causes joint narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis Post traumatic osteoarthritis Edema Fluid in the joint space changes position of bony articulations Bruising Restricted range of movement Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Published Dec 30, 2024 on www.thecalgaryguide.com